Zaman ve yer referanslarını değiştirme
Zaman ve yer, dolaysız anlatımdan dolaylı anlatıma geçilirken çoğu zaman değiştirilmelidir.
Dolaysız anlatımdaki ifade | Dolaylı anlatımdaki karşılığı |
---|---|
today | that day |
"I saw him today", she said. | She said that she had seen him that day. |
yesterday | the day before |
"I saw him yesterday", she said. | She said that she had seen him the day before. |
The day before yesterday | two days before |
"I met her the day before yesterday", he said. | He said that he had met her two days before. |
Tomorrow | the next/following day |
"I'll see you tomorrow", he said | He said that he would see me the next day. |
The day after tomorrow | in two days time/ two days later |
"We'll come the day after tomorrow", they said. | They said that they would come in two days time/ two days later. |
Next week/month/year | the following week/month/year |
"I have an appointment next week", she said. | She said that she had an appointment the following week. |
Last week/month/year | the previous/week/month/year |
"I was on holiday last week", he told us. | He told us that he had been on holiday the previous week. |
ago | before |
"I saw her a week ago," he said. | He said he had seen her a week before. |
this (for time) | that |
"I'm getting a new car this week", she said. | She said she was getting a new car that week. |
this/that (adjectives) | the |
"Do you like this shirt?" he asked | He asked if I liked the shirt. |
here | there |
He said, "I live here". | He told me he lived there. |
Genel olarak, konuşmacının kendi sözlerini aktardığı durumlar haricinde, şahış zamirleri üçüncü tekil veya çoğul şahıs zamiri ile değiştirilir:
I/me/my/mine, you/your/yours = him/his/her/hers
we/us/our/ours, you/your/yours = they/their/theirs
He said: "I like your new car." = He told her that he liked her new car.
I said: "I'm going to my friend's house." = I said that I was going to my friend's house.